Turquoise colour is the national colour of Iranians and a symbol of solidarity and unity in the nation.
For a better understanding and understanding of the concepts of turquoise colour, we must first refer to the source of this colour, i.e. turquoise stone.
Turquoise is found in blue - greenish blue-green colours. Turquoise is found in large quantities in America, Mexico, Chile, China, Egypt, Iran, and India and scattered in other parts of the world.
The best type of turquoise in the world is Nishaburi and Indian turquoise due to the fact that the turquoise veins extend from Khorasan to India. Also, in Babak city of Kerman province, there is a large turquoise mine that is comparable to Neyshabur turquoise.
Neyshabur turquoise mine is one of the oldest turquoise mines in the world, from which turquoise was extracted 2000 years ago.
Turquoise is one of the oldest known minerals in Iran and has always been a sacred and precious gem in Iranian culture. Ancient findings related to the millennia BC, such as: turquoise beads in the graves of Burnt City and the tombs of Muhammad Jafar period and the use of turquoise charms in the inscriptions of Jiroft vessels, show the connection of turquoise with the beliefs of the ancients.
In the pre-Islamic period in Iran, the use of turquoise can be seen in decorating and making royal dishes, seals, ornaments, weapons, ritual objects, etc. The material value and beauty of gems and precious stones, as a decorative element, have always been of interest to artists.
Since the most important feature of Iranian art is the symbolic concepts hidden in the works, and the texts of the Islamic era indicate that the beliefs of the ancients played a significant role in the use of gems, and what caused the formation of many of these concepts It can be done, first is the colour and appearance of the gem.
Iranians believed in the sanctity of turquoise, they called it the stone of wound eyes and believed that having it with you is soothing and its owner wins over enemies. In fact, the symbolism of turquoise has a close relationship with its colour, and the turquoise colour, which has been effective in inducing spiritual concepts, adorns works of art.
Therefore, in the period after the domination of Islam in Iran, turquoise and its colour effects, which were and are consistent with Iranian culture, are manifested in the form of symbolic elements in the art of Iranian-Islamic architecture, such as in the minarets and domes of mosques and The holy places and tiling on the walls can be clearly seen.
Almost half of the human recognition of people and objects depends on colour recognition. Colour is related and mixed with various aspects of human life, from religious beliefs to national culture, so the phenomenon of colour has the ability to assume a symbolic role or role in a social and cultural institution throughout history.
The Turquoise stone is considered a popular stone because of its colour and characteristics that were attributed to it in popular belief, such as auspiciousness and protection against bad opinion. The use of turquoise in ornaments and covers of valuable books has been widespread and it has even been used in the dishes and furniture of some rulers and nobles. This is how turquoise became known as a colour with positive semiotic values among Iranians and became popular, and Iranians got used to seeing this colour in the environment. Turquoise colour in terracotta vessels also shows another use of this colour in Iranian products and artifacts. As we know, one of the aspects of cultural representation occurs in products and artifacts.